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OSX Expert's guide on how to compile ffmpeg for the Mac is pretty detailed and a huge help. However since it was written some time ago, quite a few things changed. This post provides an -at the moment- up-to-date version of OSX Expert's instructions. I still use a Snow Leopard (10.6.8) with Xcode 4.2, so small adjustments might be necessary for more recent Mac OS X and/or Xcode versions.

The instructions (beyond the necessity of Xcode being installed) ...

1. Download and extract all the sources:
   
   mkdir ffmpegsources
cd ffmpegsources
DOWNLOADDIR="$(pwd)"

# Download the Yasm compiler.
curl -O "http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz"

# Download the LAME mp3 codec.
url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/lame/files/latest/download"
filename="$(curl -sIL "$url" | sed -E -e 's/^[[:space:]]*Content-Disposition[[:space:]]*:[[:space:]]*[^[:space:];]+;[[:space:]]*filename[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*("(([^"]|\\")*)".*|([^;[:space:][:cntrl:]"]+)(([^;[:cntrl:]]*[^;[:space:][:cntrl:]]+)*)[[:space:]]*(;.*|[[:cntrl:]]?)$)/\2\4\5/' -e 't' -e 'd')"
[ -n "${filename}" ] && curl -o "${filename}" -L "${url}" || curl -OL "${url}"

# Download ffmpeg.
git clone git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git ffmpeg

# Download Ogg, Vorbis and Theora codecs/formats from the Xiph.Org Foundation.
curl -O "http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.3.0.tar.gz"
curl -O "http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.3.3.tar.gz"
curl -O "http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/theora/libtheora-1.1.1.tar.bz2"

# Download the x264 codec.
git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264.git

# Download the VP8 codec.
git clone http://git.chromium.org/webm/libvpx.git

# Download the Xvid codec.
curl -O "http://downloads.xvid.org/downloads/xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz"

# Download zlib.
curl -O "http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.7.tar.gz"

# Decompress all downloaded source archives.
for i in *.tar.gz; do tar xzf "$i"; done
for i in *.tar.bz2; do tar xjf "$i"; done
2. Create a ramdisk:
   
   set -- $(hdid -nomount ram://26214400)
DISK_ID="$1"
VOL="tempdisk"
newfs_hfs -v "${VOL}" "${DISK_ID}"
diskutil mount "${DISK_ID}"
SOURCE="/Volumes/${VOL}/sw"
COMPILED="/Volumes/${VOL}/compile"
mkdir "${SOURCE}"
mkdir "${COMPILED}"
export PATH="${SOURCE}/bin:${PATH}"
3. Copy all sources to the ramdisk:
   
   for i in *; do [ -d "$i" -a "$i" != "." -a "$i" != ".." ] && cp -a "$i" "${COMPILED}"; done
4. Compile them:
   
   # for Xcode
export CC="clang"

# Yasm
cd "${COMPILED}/yasm"*
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" && make -j 4 && make install

# libvpx
cd "${COMPILED}/libvpx"*
export CFLAGS="-I/usr/include"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib"
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --disable-shared && make -j 4 && make install
unset CFLAGS
unset LDFLAGS

# LAME
cd "${COMPILED}/lame"*
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --disable-shared --enable-static && make -j 4 && make install

# Xvid
cd "${COMPILED}/xvidcore"*"/build/generic"
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --disable-shared --enable-static --disable-assembly && make -j 4 && make install
rm "${SOURCE}/lib/libxvidcore.4.dylib"

# x264
cd "${COMPILED}/x264"*
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --disable-shared --enable-static && make -j 4 && make install && make install-lib-static

# Ogg
cd "${COMPILED}/libogg"*
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --disable-shared --enable-static && make -j 4 && make install

# Vorbis
cd "${COMPILED}/libvorbis"*
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --with-ogg-libraries="${SOURCE}/lib" --with-ogg-includes="${SOURCE}/include/" --enable-static --disable-shared && make -j 4 && make install

# Theora
cd "${COMPILED}/libtheora"*
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --with-ogg-libraries="${SOURCE}/lib" --with-ogg-includes="${SOURCE}/include/" --with-vorbis-libraries="${SOURCE}/lib" --with-vorbis-includes="${SOURCE}/include/" --enable-static --disable-shared && make -j 4 && make install

# zlib
cd "${COMPILED}/zlib"*
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" && make -j 4 && make install
rm "${SOURCE}/lib/libz"*"dylib"
rm "${SOURCE}/lib/libz.so"*

# ffmpeg
cd "${COMPILED}/ffmpeg"*
export LDFLAGS="-L${SOURCE}/lib"
export CFLAGS="-I${SOURCE}/include"
./configure --prefix="${SOURCE}" --enable-gpl --enable-pthreads --enable-libvpx --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-avfilter --enable-zlib --enable-filters --enable-runtime-cpudetect --disable-asm && make -j 4 && make install
5. Copy the compiled/generated stuff from "${SOURCE}/bin" and "${SOURCE}/shared" to their final location (eg. /usr/local/ffmpeg) and optionally add the ffmpeg bin directory to your PATH.

The above instructions result in the following supported features ...