How to use a browser (other than the default) for opening links in Thunderbird on Windows

On linux you can set protocol handlers (eg. for http and https) to various apps via the network.protocol-handler.expose.* preferences. On Windows Thunderbird does not honor these, so you've to do it a little differently.

As described in the Mozilla forums (I'm saving the contents to keep them safe):

How to open a http protocol link in message content with a non-default browser:

1. open Thunderbird
2. open the config editor in Tools > Options > Advanced > General
3. toggle the network.protocol-handler.warn-external.http pref from false (default) to true
4. click a http protocol link in message content
5. choose an application (e.g. C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe)
6. check the remember my choice for http links option
7. open the config editor
8. toggle the network.protocol-handler.warn-external.http pref

http://kb.mozillazine.org/Network.protocol-handler.warn-external.(protocol)
http://kb.mozillazine.org/MimeTypes.rdf

BTW,
You can delete the action for the http content type in Tools > Options > Attachments.